Thursday, June 5, 2014

Mathematics of a Shakespearean Sonnet

I did this little project for my math class, but I thought it was worth sharing. It's actually incredibly interesting. The task was to find the mathematics behind a Shakespearean Sonnet.

           This study of Shakespeare's sonnets was of extreme interest to me. I love poetry, both reading and writing it. I had no idea there was such a mathematical formula behind Shakespeare's work and it's fascinating to see how strict it is. I am also awed by the difficulty level that it creates. As someone who has frequently written poems, I understand that rhyme schemes are sometimes difficult to follow. Such a strict one, coupled with the strict iambic pentameter consisting of a certain set of syllables, would certainly be too difficult for me to follow. I really enjoyed finding the mathematics behind Shakespeare's sonnets and perhaps I will attempt to use them sometime in the near future.

           Shakespeare's sonnets have a unique and distinct pattern throughout them. One might not think of poetry as having mathematical characteristics, but these sonnets certainly do. The pattern Shakespeare uses is ruled strictly by numbers. These sets of numbers add character to the poem, while also making the writing process much more difficult because they set harsh guidelines that the writer must work around. Luckily, these boundaries were not a problem for Shakespeare, as he wrote 154 sonnets using the exact same mathematical pattern.
           Each sonnet contains fourteen lines. For the first twelve lines, they rhyme every other line, with the last two rhyming with each other. The rhyme scheme is as follows: abab cdcd efef gg. This puts the lines in groupings of 4, 4, 4, and 2. Such a rhyme scheme is used to put emphasis on the last two lines; usually a shocking conclusion.
            Another numeric pattern within Shakespeare's sonnets occurs within the lines themselves. The rhythmic pattern used is known as iambic pentameter. An iamb is a metrical foot consisting of one unstressed syllable, and one stressed syllable. The lines are pentameters because they each contain five of these iambs. So, within each line, Shakespeare has ten syllables, five stressed and five unstressed, creating five iambs that complete the pentameter.
            If one looks deep enough, they can find the numbers behind anything. Poetry is certainly no different. Shakespeare's sonnets have a distinct pattern, ruled by numbers and a strict poetic formula. Such numeric restrictions result in beautiful poetry that flows effortlessly and entices the reader.

Sonnet: L(lines) S(syllable) I(iamb) P(pentameter)
            10S = 5I = 1P = 1L     1I = {2S}        1P = {5I, 10S}             1Sonnet = {14L, 14P}
             
            nS = nL X (nI X 2)     or         nS = nP X 10

"Shakespeare, Mathematics & The Sonnets." No Sweat Shakespeare. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2014. <http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/shakespeare-mathematics-the-sonnets/>.
"Shakespeare's Sonnets By William Shakespeare About Shakespeare's Sonnets." About Shakespeare's Sonnets. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2014. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/ literature/s/shakespeares-sonnets/about-shakespeares-sonnets>.

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